Added 2nd order sigma-delta DAC. Added changes suggested by Clifford Wolf.

boards/Digilent DE0/Speech256_DE0.qsf

@@ -75,16 +75,6 @@ set_instance_assignment -name IO_STANDARD "3.3-V LVTTL" -to SW[3]
 set_instance_assignment -name IO_STANDARD "3.3-V LVTTL" -to SW[4]
 set_instance_assignment -name IO_STANDARD "3.3-V LVTTL" -to SW[5]
 set_instance_assignment -name IO_STANDARD "3.3-V LVTTL" -to UART_TXD
-set_global_assignment -name PIN_FILE Speech256_de0.pin
-set_global_assignment -name VERILOG_FILE speech256_de0.v
-set_global_assignment -name VERILOG_FILE ../../verilog/controller/xlat.v
-set_global_assignment -name VERILOG_FILE ../../verilog/controller/ctrlrom.v
-set_global_assignment -name VERILOG_FILE ../../verilog/controller/controller.v
-set_global_assignment -name VERILOG_FILE ../../verilog/filter/filter.v
-set_global_assignment -name VERILOG_FILE ../../verilog/pwmdac/pwmdac.v
-set_global_assignment -name VERILOG_FILE ../../verilog/source/source.v
-set_global_assignment -name VERILOG_FILE ../../verilog/spmul/spmul.v
-set_global_assignment -name VERILOG_FILE ../../verilog/speech256_top/speech256_top.v
 set_location_assignment PIN_B1 -to LEDG[9]
 set_location_assignment PIN_B2 -to LEDG[8]
 set_location_assignment PIN_C2 -to LEDG[7]
@@ -337,4 +327,15 @@ set_location_assignment PIN_C3 -to DRAM_ADDR[3]
 set_location_assignment PIN_B3 -to DRAM_ADDR[2]
 set_location_assignment PIN_A3 -to DRAM_ADDR[1]
 set_location_assignment PIN_C4 -to DRAM_ADDR[0]
+set_global_assignment -name PIN_FILE Speech256_de0.pin
+set_global_assignment -name VERILOG_FILE speech256_de0.v
+set_global_assignment -name VERILOG_FILE ../../verilog/controller/xlat.v
+set_global_assignment -name VERILOG_FILE ../../verilog/controller/ctrlrom.v
+set_global_assignment -name VERILOG_FILE ../../verilog/controller/controller.v
+set_global_assignment -name VERILOG_FILE ../../verilog/filter/filter.v
+set_global_assignment -name VERILOG_FILE ../../verilog/pwmdac/pwmdac.v
+set_global_assignment -name VERILOG_FILE ../../verilog/source/source.v
+set_global_assignment -name VERILOG_FILE ../../verilog/spmul/spmul.v
+set_global_assignment -name VERILOG_FILE ../../verilog/sd2dac/sd2dac.v
+set_global_assignment -name VERILOG_FILE ../../verilog/speech256_top/speech256_top.v
 set_instance_assignment -name PARTITION_HIERARCHY root_partition -to | -section_id Top

boards/Digilent DE0/speech256_de0.v

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 // http://www.moseleyinstruments.com
 //
 
+`define USE_SDDAC
+
 module Speech256_DE0 (
     CLOCK_50,
     SW,
@@ -25,6 +27,10 @@ module Speech256_DE0 (
     reg  [3:0] divcnt; // clock divider counter
     reg  [2:0] cur_state, next_state;
     
+    reg [2:0] rom_addr;
+    reg [5:0] rom_data;
+    reg inc_rom_addr;
+
     // debug signals for 16-bit DAC
     wire sample_stb;
     wire signed [15:0] sample_out;
@@ -36,7 +42,7 @@ module Speech256_DE0 (
         .clk        (clk),
         .rst_an     (rst_an),
         .ldq        (ldq),
-        .data_in    (SW),
+        .data_in    (rom_data),
         .data_stb   (data_stb),
         .pwm_out    (UART_TXD),
         .sample_out (sample_out),
@@ -67,6 +73,8 @@ module Speech256_DE0 (
     always @(posedge clk)
     begin
         cur_state <= next_state;
+        if (inc_rom_addr == 1)
+            rom_addr <= rom_addr + 1;
     end
     
     //assign LEDG[9:0] = sample_out[15:6];
@@ -74,18 +82,23 @@ module Speech256_DE0 (
     assign LEDG[1] = ldq;
     assign LEDG[2] = SW[2];
     assign LEDG[3] = SW[3];
+    assign LEDG[4] = 0;
 
     always @(*)
     begin
         // FSM defaults
         data_stb <= 0;
+        inc_rom_addr <= 0;
         next_state <= cur_state;
         
         case(cur_state)
         S_IDLE:
             begin
                 if ((ldq == 1) && (BUTTON[0] == 1))
+                begin
+                    inc_rom_addr <= 1;
                     next_state <= S_ALLOPHONE;
+                end
                 else
                     next_state <= S_IDLE;
             end
@@ -97,13 +110,45 @@ module Speech256_DE0 (
         S_WAITDONE:
             begin
                 if (ldq == 0)
+                begin
+                    inc_rom_addr <= 1;
                     next_state <= S_IDLE;
+                end
             end
         default:
             begin
                 next_state <= S_IDLE;
             end
         endcase
+
+        // allophone ROM
+        // hello, world
+        case (rom_addr)
+            3'd0:   
+                rom_data <= 6'h1B;
+            3'd1:   
+                rom_data <= 6'h07;
+            3'd2:   
+                rom_data <= 6'h2D;
+            3'd3:   
+                rom_data <= 6'h35;
+            3'd4:   
+                rom_data <= 6'h03;
+            3'd5:   
+                rom_data <= 6'h2E;
+            3'd6:   
+                rom_data <= 6'h1E;
+            3'd7:   
+                rom_data <= 6'h33;
+            3'd8:   
+                rom_data <= 6'h2D;
+            3'd9:   
+                rom_data <= 6'h15;
+            3'd10:   
+                rom_data <= 6'h03;
+            default:   
+                rom_data <= 6'h00;
+        endcase
     end
 
 endmodule

verilog/controller/controller.v

@@ -89,13 +89,13 @@ module CONTROLLER (
         .en         (rom_en)
     );
 
-    parameter ROM_ADDR_ZERO = 3'b000,    // zero the ROM address 
+    localparam ROM_ADDR_ZERO = 3'b000,    // zero the ROM address 
               ROM_ADDR_INC  = 3'b001,    // increment the ROM address
               ROM_ADDR_JMP  = 3'b010,    // jump to code
               ROM_ADDR_ALLO = 3'b011,    // read allophone jump address
               ROM_ADDR_NOP  = 3'b100;
 
-    parameter COEFF_CNT_ZERO = 2'b00,   // zero coefficient counter
+    localparam COEFF_CNT_ZERO = 2'b00,   // zero coefficient counter
               COEFF_CNT_NOP  = 2'b01,   // do nothing
               COEFF_CNT_INC  = 2'b10;   // increment coefficient counter
 
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ module CONTROLLER (
 
     assign serve_next_allo_data = (dur_cnt == duration) ? 1 : 0;
 
-    parameter S_IDLE     = 4'd0,
+    localparam S_IDLE     = 4'd0,
               S_JMPADDR1 = 4'd1,
               S_JMPADDR2 = 4'd2,
               S_JMPADDR3 = 4'd3,             

verilog/filter/filter.v

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ module FILTER (
         start,          // trigger processing of the input signal
         done            // goes to '1' when sig_out has valid data
     );
+    
     parameter DEBUG = 0; //defult value
 
 	//////////// CLOCK //////////
@@ -179,7 +180,7 @@ module FILTER (
     end
 
     // FSM states
-    parameter S_IDLE     = 4'b0000,
+    localparam S_IDLE     = 4'b0000,
               S_DUMMY1   = 4'b0001,
               S_WAITMUL1 = 4'b0010,
               S_UPDATEC1 = 4'b0011,

verilog/sd2dac/run_tb.bat

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+mkdir bin
+del bin\sd2dac.vvp
+C:\iverilog\bin\iverilog -o bin\sd2dac.vvp -m va_math -g2005 -s SD2DAC_TB sd2dac.v sd2dac_tb.v
+cd bin
+C:\iverilog\bin\vvp sd2dac.vvp
+cd ..

verilog/sd2dac/sd2dac.v

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+// 
+// Second-order sigma-delta DAC 
+// The DAC has a pull interface.
+//
+// Number of input bits used: 12
+//
+// Niels Moseley - Moseley Instruments 2017
+// http://www.moseleyinstruments.com
+//
+//
+// Designed for a clock rate of 2.5 MHz
+// 
+
+module SD2DAC (
+        clk, 
+        rst_an, 
+        din,        // 16 bit signed data input
+        din_ack,    // is high for 1 clock cycle after reading the din signal
+        dacout      // 1-bit SD output signal
+    );
+
+
+    input signed [15:0] din;
+    input rst_an, clk;
+    output reg din_ack;
+    output reg dacout;
+
+    reg [15:0] din_reg;     // data input register
+    reg [15:0] last_din;    // previous input sample
+    //reg [15:0] delta;
+
+    reg [7:0]  counter; // sample counter
+    reg signed [15:0] state1, state2;       // integrator states
+    reg signed [15:0] new_state1, new_state2;
+    reg signed [15:0] state1_in, state2_in; // input to integrators
+    wire signed [15:0] state1_a, state2_a;  // output of integrator adders
+    wire signed [16:0] quant_in;
+
+    reg quant_out;
+
+    always @(posedge clk or negedge rst_an)
+    begin
+      if (rst_an == 0)
+      begin
+        state1 <= 0;
+        state2 <= 0;
+        counter <= 0;
+        din_reg <= 0;
+      end
+      else
+      begin
+        // clocked process
+        state1 <= new_state1;
+        state2 <= new_state2;
+        dacout <= quant_out;
+        counter <= counter + 1;
+        if (din_ack == 1)
+        begin
+            last_din <= din_reg;
+            din_reg <= {din[15], din[15:1]};    // div by 2!
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    assign state1_a = state1 + state1_in;
+    assign state2_a = state2 + state2_in;
+    assign quant_in = $signed( { {3{din_reg[15]}}, din_reg[15:2]} ) +  state2;
+
+    always @(*)
+    begin
+        // ------------------------------
+        // calculate new state 1
+        // ------------------------------
+
+        if (quant_out == 1)
+            // (din >> 2) - (quant_out >> 2)
+            state1_in <= $signed( { {2{din_reg[15]}}, din_reg[15:2]} ) - $signed(16'h1FFF);
+        else
+            state1_in <= $signed( { {2{din_reg[15]}}, din_reg[15:2]} ) + $signed(16'h1FFF);
+
+        // check for saturation:
+        //   if operand sign bits are the same
+        //   the result should have the same
+        //   sign bit, if not, we need to
+        //   saturate.
+        //
+        // 1000 + 1111 => 1000 (-8 + -1 saturates at -8)
+        // 0111 + 0001 => 0111  (7 + 1 saturates at 7)
+        //
+        if (state1[15] == state1_in[15])
+        begin
+            if (state1[15] != state1_a[15])
+                new_state1 <= state1[15] ? 16'h8000 : 16'h7FFF;
+            else
+                new_state1 <= state1_a;                
+        end
+        else
+            new_state1 <= state1_a;
+
+        // ------------------------------
+        // calculate new state 2
+        // ------------------------------
+
+        if (quant_out == 1)
+            // state1 - (quant_out >> 1)
+            state2_in <= state1 - $signed(16'h3FFF);
+        else
+            state2_in <= state1 + $signed(16'h3FFF);
+
+        if (state2[15] == state2_in[15])
+        begin
+            if (state2[15] != state2_a[15])
+                new_state2 <= state2[15] ? 16'h8000 : 16'h7FFF;
+            else
+                new_state2 <= state2_a;
+        end
+        else
+            new_state2 <= state2_a;
+
+        // ------------------------------
+        // calculate quantizer
+        // ------------------------------
+        
+        quant_out <= !quant_in[16];
+
+        if (counter == 8'h0)
+            din_ack <= 1;
+        else
+            din_ack <= 0;
+    end
+
+endmodule    

verilog/sd2dac/sd2dac_tb.v

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// 
+// PWMDAC testbench
+//
+// Niels Moseley - Moseley Instruments 2017
+// http://www.moseleyinstruments.com
+//
+
+module SD2DAC_TB;
+    reg clk, rst_an; 
+    reg signed [15:0] din;
+    wire dacout, din_ack;
+
+    real accu;
+
+    SD2DAC u_sd2dac (
+        .clk     (clk),
+        .rst_an  (rst_an),
+        .din     (din),
+        .din_ack (din_ack),
+        .dacout  (dacout)
+    );
+
+    integer fd;
+
+    initial
+    begin
+        fd = $fopen("dacout.sw","wb");
+        $dumpfile ("sd2dac.vcd");
+        $dumpvars;
+        clk = 0;
+        rst_an = 0;
+        din = 0;
+        accu = 0;
+        #3
+        rst_an = 1;
+        #1048576
+        $fclose(fd);
+        $finish;
+    end
+
+    always @(posedge clk)
+    begin
+        if (din_ack)
+        begin
+            accu = accu + 1.0/256.0;
+            if (accu > 1.0)
+                accu = -1.0;
+            din = $rtoi($sin(2.0*3.1415927*accu)*10000.0);
+        end
+        if (dacout == 1)
+            $fwrite(fd,"%u", 32'h7000_0000);
+        else
+            $fwrite(fd,"%u", 32'h9000_0000);
+    end
+
+    always
+        #5 clk = !clk;
+
+endmodule

verilog/sd2dac/show_tb_results.m

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+%
+% Show testbench results for sd2dac
+% 
+% This is a MATLAB file
+%
+
+fileID = fopen('bin/dacout.sw');
+A = fread(fileID,'*int32')';
+fclose(fileID);
+
+A = single(A)/2^31;
+
+clf;
+figure(1);
+X = fft(A.*blackman(length(A))') / (length(A)/4);
+semilogx(20*log10(abs(X)));
+grid on;
+axis([0 length(X)/2 -140 10]);
+

verilog/speech256_top/speech256_top.v

@@ -72,14 +72,23 @@ module SPEECH256_TOP (
         .done       (src_strobe)
     );
 
-    PWMDAC u_pwmdac (
+    `ifdef USE_SDDAC
+    SD2DAC u_sd2dac (
         .clk        (clk),
         .rst_an     (rst_an),
-        //.din        (sig_filter[15:8]),
+        .din        ($signed({sig_filter[11:0],4'h0})), // add +24dB gain .. FIXME: add saturation ??
-        .din        (sig_filter[11:4]), // add +24dB gain .. FIXME: add saturation ??
         .din_ack    (pwmdac_ack),
         .dacout     (pwm_out)
     );
+    `else
+    PWMDAC u_pwmdac (
+        .clk        (clk),
+        .rst_an     (rst_an),
+        .din        (sig_filter[11:4]), // add +24dB gain .. FIXME: add saturation ??
+        .din_ack    (pwmdac_ack),
+        .dacout     (pwm_out)
+    );    
+    `endif
 
     CONTROLLER u_controller (
         .clk        (clk),